Health Sciences

Water level indicator is widely used in many industries and houses. People generally worry about the wastage of water, when the switch ON the motor and forget to OFF them. An Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information of any water reservoir .Water level indicator system are quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir. But for domestic purpose we cannot go for the instruments which use radar or ultrasonic principle that costs high.

Introduction: The mucocele is one of the most common benign soft tissue masses that occur in the oral cavity. Mucoceles (mucus and coele - cavity), by definition, are cavities filled with mucus. Two types of mucoceles can appear – extravasation type and retention type. Diagnosis is mostly based on clinical findings. The common location of the extravasation mucocele is the lower lip and the treatment of choice is surgical removal. This paper gives an insight into the phenomenon and a case report has been presented.

Background: Identifying and controlling medical and social risk factors contributing maternal mortality leads to minimize the rate of mortality particularly in developing nations. The present study aimed to determine risk factors associated with maternal death by focusing the autopsies on cadavers. Methods: In this retrospective study, the hospital recorded files related to 122 pregnant women aged 15 to 45 years who died because of perinatal death that referred to Legal Medical Center between April 2009 and April 2014 were reviewed.

Hypoglossal schwannoma is a rarely encountered skull base lesion that has generally both intracranial and extracranial parts. This article reports a case of hypoglossal schwannoma that is purely extracranial and presents itself with right-sided hypoglossal palsy and a right-sided neck mass. Magnetic resonance imaging is very important, delineated a mass at the skull base that consisted of both cystic and solid components, consistent with a nerve sheath tumor but not done in this case because of lack of means. Cervical approach was chosen, and the mass was completely removed.

Keinbock’s disease or Avascular Necrosis of lunate bone is a rare disorder leading to abnormal carpal motion. Although difficult to diagnose, detection in early stages of the disease and appropriate management can lead to a good functional outcome. Here, the authors present a case of 36 year old male who presented with Avascular necrosis of lunate bone of right wrist with Lichtman’s stage IIIA. The patient underwent joint levelling procedure by radial shortening osteotomy and associated benign cyst or geode drained and bone grafted.

Background & Objective: The increase of pressure in addition to cornea pain and edema could result in ischemic optic neuropathy. Different drugs can be employed for cutting down the intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was assessment the effect of Apraclonidineversus timololin decreasing intra ocular pressure after laser capsulotomy. Methods and Materials: This is a double blind clinical trial study that has been done on 200 patients with posterior capsular opacity that had been candidate for laser capsulotomy, were evaluated through tonometry method.

Caroli’s disease and Caroli’s syndrome are rare congenital cystic disorders of intrahepatic biliary radicals. It is still unclear whether they represent distinct entities or, are different stages of the same disease distinguished by hepatic fibrosis. Here we are reporting two cases-a three-year-old boy presenting with portal hypertension, cholestatic jaundice and rickets, and a ten-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of cholangitis. They were diagnosed as Caroli’s syndrome and Caroli’s disease respectively.

Fibrothecoma is a rare type of ovarian sex cord stromal tumor with only a few case reports available in the literature.Histologically, they resemble both fibroma and thecoma. Thecomas are composed of lipid-containing cells that resemble theca interna cells. Fibromas show spindle, oval, or round cells forming variable amounts of collagen. Here we report a case of 52 years old postmenopausal lady who presented with pain abdomen. Clinically, she had a firm lump predominantly in the right flank and her sonographic reports suggested a solid cum cystic mass in right ovary.

Objective: To observe the prevalence of recognised and unrecognised depression among in-patients (Medical and Surgical Wards of chaudhry Rahmat Memorial Trust and Saira Memorial hospital Lahore.) Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to Sep. 2016 at two tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, and comprised patients admitted in the Medicine and Surgical departments at the time. Patients with known history of depression or on anti-depressants or on anti-psychotics, or with suicidal attempt were excluded.

Paragangliomas are tumors arising from the paraglion tissue which is well represented in the head and neck. Carotid body tumor is a paraganglioma situated at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. We describe here a case of 32 year old male with painless swelling on the right side of the neck clinically diagnosed as right jugulodigastric region lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the swelling was done.