Health Sciences

Immunization is one of the most important public health interventions and a cost effective strategy to control the infectious diseases especially in children. Advent of combination vaccines has facilitated incorporation of additional vaccines into immunization schedule. Pentavalent vaccine, against five killer diseases–diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hemophilus influenza type B (Hib), has been introduced in almost all GAVI eligible countries by 2011 and it was launched in Punjab on 7thjan 2015.

Anticholinergic side effects of medications often misdiagnosed as cognitive function decline in the elderly. The study aims to explore the effectiveness of home medication reviews on reducing anticholinergic burden caused by medications with anticholinergic properties in elderly patients in Australia. The study was a qualitative, prospective, observational case-control study. Interviews at baseline and six-month were performed. Medications changes were theoretically possible to reduce the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden score, but occasionally are impractical to implement.

Nested and Swaddle positioning among very low birth weight neonates can increase time in quiet sleep and decrease time spent crying or in active sleep.

Background: Bell's palsy is an acute facial paralysis with unclear etiology that results in weakness or paralysis on one side of the face. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the difference between the effect of Laser and (E.S) on facial nerve regeneration. Subjects and method:Thirty patients of both sexes with Bell's palsy were included in this study. The patients were assessed by nerve conduction study (NCV) and electromyography (EMG). The amplitude was recorded from frontalis muscle at affected and unaffected side.

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the versatility of the retromandibular approach in the management of subcondylar fractures. This study also assessed the morbidity of the retromandibular approach in the management of condylar fractures. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation of their condylar fractures using this technique. Results: Retromandinular vein was encountered in one case.Branches of the facial nerve were encountered in five cases (25%). Temporary weakness of the facial nerve occurred in five patients.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare heterogeneous group of inherited disorder that share primary defects in the development and functioning of two or more tissues derived from ectoderm like skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands and teeth. This disorder is usually congenital, diffuse and non-progressive. Till date more than 192 distinct varieties in this disorder have been recorded and described.

Hypertension is an important public health problem worldwide. Subjects with hypertension are known to have a two-fold higher risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD), four times higher risk of congestive heart failure and seven times higher risk of cerebrovascular disease and stroke compared to normotensive subjects. Hypertension has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for mortality, and is ranked third as a cause of disability adjusted life-years.

Medicine has become an essential object to the life of people in any country, because of the serious, chronic diseases and even pain associated with headaches, tension and fatigue. It is even a major health, regulatory and economic issue for healthcare institutions, the methods of managing, distributing and controlling these medicines differed from one company to another according to the strategies and means used in the manufacturing process.

Cerebral abscess is a difficult infective condition to treat. The diagnosis and management of intracranial abscess has been facilitated by imaging techniques (CT and MRI) resulting in a significant reduction in mortality. Despite these advances in technology, intracranial abscess remains a common neurosurgical problem in India. Intracranial abscesses include parenchymal abscess, subdural empyema and epidural abscess.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate superficial soft tissue masses in 50 patients by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography. In the study 30 males (60%) and 20 (40%) females were taken. Majority of cases (26%) were in 0-10 years age range. The swellings were mostly seen in the extremities (46%) and head and neck (22%). Out of 50 patients, there were 44 patients having benign masses and six patients with malignant masses. The benign masses were grouped as inflammatory, developmental, benign tumors and other masses.