Introduction: This research assessed the perspective of the populace of Yenagoa metropolis on the efficacy of hand washing in reducing the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Yenagoa metropolis. The objectives of this study were to examine the level of COVID-19 disease and investigate the efficacy of handwashing in reducing the spread of the diseases in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study design adopted the survey of Four hundred (400) randomly selected respondent with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Results showed that the level of COVID-19 disease in Yenagoa metropolis was low.Respondents strongly agreed that handwashing is effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19 was 65.32%. Consequent upon these findings, hand washing and other preventive measures should be sustained in reducing the spread of COVID-19.
August 2020
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Journal Area:ABSTRACT:Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3302
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Aim: This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of the post-operative antibiotic therapy in reducing post-operative indiscriminate use of antibiotics and to evaluate whether it is important to give antibiotics regime in asymptomatic tooth extraction. Methods and Materials: The sample of 60 patients were selected in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery at Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital. Group A being the study group were NSAIDs given and antibiotics regime was excluded and Group B being the control group were antibiotics regime was given. The patients were followed up for 2nd, 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th day of extraction post-operatively. The assessment of pain, healing and swelling of extraction wound were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: The results were evaluated by comparing the data between two groups. It was statistically evaluated using EPI Info software version 6 using Unpaired ’t’ test and Chi square test. Results: Pain was statistically significant in group A than group B with P value<0.001 on 2nd, 4th and 10th day. On 14th day there was no significant difference. Swelling was assessed intraoral as well as extra orally showing statistically significant in group B with Pvalue <0.005. Healing was assessed using Laundry, Turnbell and Howley index shows statistically significant in group A than group B with Pvalue <0.005. Conclusion: We conclude that antibiotic regime is not necessarily required in post extraction of asymptomatic tooth.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3315 -
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Herpetofauna includes the reptiles and amphibians of a particular region, habitat or geological period.This paper is a report of field study of aquatic amphibians and reptiles observed and recorded during January 2018 to December 2019. Chandloi River is a left bank tributary of Chambal River. It originates near Aalania village and meets the River Chambal near Mavasa village. The river flows nearly 90 km before entering Chambal River. The studies were carried out for a period of 2 years from January 2018 to December 2019.The present study revealed that class amphibia is represented by 5 species belonging to 4 genera of 2 families while class reptilia is represented by 4 species of 4 genera belonging to 3 families.The species richness is less insite 3,4 while species richness was more insite1 and 2. Abundance of animals of these two classes were more at site 2 in comparison to all other sites (1,3,4).
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3325 -
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. Most of the infected patients have mild symptoms including fever, fatigue and cough. But in severe cases, patients can progress rapidly and develop to the acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March 2020. The treatment guidelines for COVID-19 vary between countries, yet there is no approved treatment to date. To report any evidence of care and therapeutics used for the management of patients withCOVID-19 in clinical practice since emergence of the virus to reduce mortality. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the PRISMA statement. Articles for review were selected from Embase, Medline and Google Scholar. Readily accessible peer-reviewed, full articles in English published from 1st December 2019 to 26thMarch 2020 was included. The search terms included combinations of: COVID, SARS-COV-2, glucocorticoids, convalescent plasma, antiviral and antibacterial. There were no restrictions on the types of study eligible for inclusion.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3327 -
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Background: Phonological sensitivity skills develop as a continuum in a hierarchical pattern from shallow to deep stages. This is an important component in a child’s literacy development, especially in spelling and reading performance. Shallow stages of phonological sensitivity skills set the stage for future proficiency in literacy. Development of phonological sensitivity skills must be studied in various languages as the age at which each stage is acquired can be variable depending on the uniqueness and complexity of the language. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to investigate the shallow stage of phonological sensitivity skill in typically developing Tamil speaking children. Material and methods: Two sub skills - Concept of Spoken Words (CSW) and Rhyming - Non-Rhyming (R & NR) skills were chosen in shallow stage of phonological sensitivity skills. To assess these, 210 children between the age ranges of 4-9.11yrs were studied. They were divided into three groups based on the grade in which they were studying. Each group had 70 children, out of which 35 were boys and 35 were girls. Test Tokens – Sentences to assess CSW and Word pairs to assess R &NR were prepared in Tamil. Familiarity and order of difficulty were considered while constructing the same. Pilot study was carried out. Later, the tokens were administered on the subjects. The raw scores obtained were computed and subjected to statistical analysis. Qualitative analysis was done to determine the frequency and the percentage of responses across each age group and also the performance difference between boys and girls were seen. Results: It could be observed that both Concept of Spoken Word (CSW) and Rhyming and Non-Rhyming (R&NR) skills were achieved only 61.7% and 66.7% respectively in Group I but there was a significant improvement in scores for group II and the scores reached a plateau for Group III. Pearson’s chi square value did not show any significant difference across gender, whereas the difference among overall groups irrespective of gender was statistically significant with a value of 0.00. Conclusion: It could be concluded that typically developing Tamil speaking children develop the shallow stages of phonological sensitivity at around 4 years of age and masters around 7.11 years. This study helps understand the normal development of PSS, to identify children at risk for reading difficulties, to plan assessment and treatment protocols.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3354 -
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Background: The central venous accesses technique uses a direct visualization puncture. With the advent of the ultrasound (US)-guided puncture, a high variation rate in the anatomical position (AP) of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) was observed compared to the right common carotid artery (RCCA). Objective: This study describes the rate of AP variability in RIJV, compared with previous studies and descriptions. Methods: We selected 180 adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), between June and October 2018, for anUS evaluation of the AP and diameter of the RIJV and its anatomical corresponding position with the RCCA. Results-A higher incidence of anterior lateral position (43%) (p=0.0016) was observed, followed by anterior (31%), lateral (22%) and anterior-internal position (4%). Adiameter greater than 11mm in SAH patients (p=0.0011) was also observed(odds ratio 3.80; 95% CI: 1.71 to 8.44). Conclusions - The study showed a high variability rate in the RIJV AP as determined by ultrasonography. The larger diameter of the RIJV showed a statistically significant association with SAH.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:2889 -
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Background: Prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in developing country is high. It is one of the most common causes of childhood physical disability. Purpose: To establish a registry of CP in Kafrelsheikh Governorate except Kafrelsheikh city-Egypt. Subject and Methods: One hundred and three children with CP of both genders who were receiving physical therapy in Kafrelsheikh Governorate except Kafrelsheikh city participated in the study. Their ages ranged from one month to 18 years. They were subjected to confidential modified Australian Registry Form. They were recruited from nine governmental hospitals. This study was conducted from August 2018 up to October 2019. Results: The findings revealed that the prevalence of CP children who received physical therapy services was 1/10000 live birth in Kafrelsheikh Governorate except Kafrelsheikh city. Boys represented 33% and girls represented 67% from total cases. All the reported cases were spastic CP where 5.8% of the children were diplegic, 7.8% children were monoplegic, 25.2% were left hemiplegic, 28.2% were right hemiplegic and 33% were quadriplegic CP. According to Gross Motor Function Classification System; level IV has the highest percentage. Conclusion: Prevalence of CP in Kafrelsheikh Governorate except Kafrelsheikh city is low. Spastic type of CP has the highest frequency.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:2983 -
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Introduction: The elderly population of the world increasing gradually. The situation of elderly population of Nepal also is in increasing trend as in other countries. Our government is also started to give priorities for the elderly population at present. This paper attempts to assess the utilization of health care services among the elderly population who were attending in the Emergency department of Karnali Academy of Health sciences Jumla. Methods: This is study of elderly patients who were attending for the services in the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital during a period of four months (Ashoj to Posh) in 2074BS. We took >60 years patient’s data from the emergency record books and analyzed by using SPSS-20 version. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done. P value is set at <0.05 for the significance level. Results: All together 117 elderly patients’ data were analyzed, among them 64.1% and 17.9% were Chhetri and lower caste respectively. Majority of the patients were 60-69 years of age group, 52.1% and 47.9% were male and female respectively. About 69% of the elderly patients managed in Emergency department. Only 30.8% patients admitted in respective wards for their special care. The commonest problems were COPD (44.4%) and APD (13.7%). Chi-square test was done and has no statistically significant association between outcome and sex as well as caste of the elderly patients. Conclusions: More than two-third of the elderly patients managed in emergency department, therefore make this department elder friendly, trained the working staffs in the hospital and conduct awareness program in the community for the elderly care, who can utilized the services provided by the hospital.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3295 -
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Present study aimed to explore the approval motive, perceived family environment and career and family values as expressed by homemakers belonging to nuclear and joint families at Kolkata. A group of 100 young homemakers (50 from nuclear & 50 from joint families) between the ages 20 to 25 years were selected as sample following the random sampling technique. A General Information Schedule, Approval Motive Questionnaire, Perceived Family Environment Questionnaire and Career-family Values Questionnaire were used as tools. Findings revealed that homemakers belonging to nuclear families scored significantly higher in career values than that of joint families. On the other hand, approval motive, perceived family environment and family values were significantly higher among homemakers belonging to joint families than that of nuclear families. Furthermore, there existed significant positive association between approval motive and family values & perceived family environment and family values as well as a significant negative association between approval motive and career values andalso perceived family environment and career values of homemakers residing at Kolkata.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3321 -
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Background : To increase the country's energy production, the State of Niger has built a 7MW photovoltaic solar power plant connected on grid of the Nigerien electricity company in the department of Malbaza, Tahoua region (130 58'3.54 ”North and 5031'11.95 " East). Objective: In order to analyze the operation of this plant, a study of energy production was carried out in this article. Methods: The study was based on data on energy production as a function of irradiation and temperature from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. A comparative study was first carried out between the monthly energy production of the plant and those established by the designer with the Pvsyst software on a provisional basis. The comparative study was then made between the monthly energy productions of the power plant and those obtained by simulation on the Pvsyst software using the irradiations and the actual temperatures of the site and the same inclination of the modules. Results: The first study showed that the statistical values of the Mean Bias Error (MBE), of the Mean Absolute Bias Error (MABE) and of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the monthly energy productions are respectively 62.1MWh, 69.150MWh and 91.722MWh with a mean percentage error (MPE) of 6.575% and a correlation coefficient of 36.28%. But the low correlation coefficient of 21.49% for the irradiation did not allow any conclusion to be drawn on the correct functioning of the system. For the second study, the values of MBE, MABE and RMSE obtained are respectively 60.096MWh, 92.975MWh, 123.591MWh with an MPE of 5.811% and a correlation coefficient of 70%. Conclusion: These results show an acceptable operation of the plant.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3329 -
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A cross-sectional survey design utilizing an ex-post factor design was adopted to validate the Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS) using Nigerian secondary school adolescents. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the 338 (mean age and SD13.60 ±1.867) participants made up of 149 males and 189 females from several randomly selected secondary schools in a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Participants responded to Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS) and Internet Gaming Disorder Test(IGD-20).Observed internal consistency of GAS showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .75, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .71 and Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .71. All but one of the items in the scale reported acceptable goodness-of-fit measures revealing corrected item-total correlations range of .192 to .523.Significant positive correlation was also observed between GAS and IGD-20 revealing concurrent validity score of (r = .459, P= .000).Determined new norms for GAS were scores51.81 for male and 47.98for female. GAS is gender sensitive and has acceptable psychometric properties for Nigerian population.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3345 -
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COVID-19 is a disease that originates in emerging countries. Developing countries are not well prepared to eradicate this disease. It makes victims every day. This special issue dedicated to the coronavirus (COVID-19) will allow developing countries to quickly know the elements necessary to avoid COVID-19. In Cameroon, in two weeks we went from 25 to 70 infected patients. The release of these preliminary data will help infected and uninfected patients and decision-makers in the international fight against this new virus. It is the current pandemic that threatens the whole world. It was detected in china a few months ago and it has become the subject of numerous public and private debates. We investigate the contraction and prevention of the COVID-19 and we found that this virus is spreading rapidly. It is also found that covid-19 is the most easily infecting virus up to now: from human to human at room temperature just by sharing the same space and material (glass, metal plastic etc…) because the agent of covid-19 can remain active on such material up to 9 days. We also present some precaution methods as disinfection of material and our life space. In addition, we offer strategies and tips to avoid contracting COVID-19.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:38534 -
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Introduction: Neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with a high recurrence potential. Its location in the Sino nasal tract is considered a rare disease. CT and MR imaging features of these tumors are nonspecific. Paranasal sinus neuroendocrine carcinomas showed expansion and destruction of the sinus. Endoscopic examination is complementary to imaging and mandatory in order to reveal early stage tumour and its extension. Treatment recommendations for this entity vary considerably due largely to a lack of consensus and variable pathological classification. Given the high incidence of distant failure and the chemosensitivity of NEC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by either chemoradiation or surgery and postoperative radiation therapy is a promising strategy. Case report: We report the case of a 17-years-old patient, with a history of a non-resolving rhinological burning pain evolving since 1 year. She didn’t consult until a blistering lesion filled half of the oral cavity. Oral examination found an proliferative process of the posterior aspect of the oral cavity She received a CT scan and MRI that showed a destruction of the periodontium, with an extensive geographical osteolytic homogeneous mass destroying the left nasal cavity, as well as an infiltration of the ipsilateral orbit. The diagnosis of Sino nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma was suggested histologically after biopsy. After a regimen of etoposide and carboplatine supplemented by palliative radiotherapy no regression was noted. The evolution was characterized by the death of the patient. Conclusion: In conclusion, our case suggests that Sino nasal NEC is an exceedingly rare tumor that commonly presents as late-stage dis ease. Proper histopathologic diagnosis is paramount to dictate appropriate therapy. Poor prognostic factors affecting survival include TNM staging, tumor site, and bony or orbital invasion. Response to systemic therapy may play a greater role in defining the individualized treatment strategy for the management for these patients.
Pub. Date: August 30, 2020Paper No:3328