September 2015

The exact mechanism of mental fatigue is still not well understood even with the long history of neuroscience and psychology. It is said a human being undergoes mental fatigue when he or she just had a prolonged session of focusing on particular sustained attention task and this could particularly dangerous for certain tasks such as driving. Directed Attention Fatigue (DAF) is caused by an identified mechanic and was described a tug of war between bottom up attention mode and top down attention mode where DAF will cause decrease focus on the task on hand. By using an eye tracker to obtain human data, this project aimed to study eye gaze pattern’s relationship with DAF. The obtained human data can be modeled into existing visual attention model which hopes to reproduce the human results. The model had to have the capability to reproduce human perception, recognition and also decision making to achieve the objective of this project. Itti and Koch Model (IKM) will be used as the base model of this project. The model overall gave reasonable results that provided certain insights into the gaze characteristics of DAF.

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder with accompanying neurological phenomenon. Oculomotor dysfunction is one of them. A prospective study was done to investigate the prevalence and features of oculomotor dysfunction in migraineurs. A questionnaire based on “International headache society” criteria were distributed among the persons coming with chief complaints of headache. Among 2200 persons, 200 were migraineurs and were followed up over a period of two years. Detailed neurological, psychiatric and ocular examinations including MR- angiography were done. Ten out of 200 migraineurs had 3rd nerve involvement either pupillary or total ophthalmoplegic. MR-angiograph revealed no pathological lesion. Riboflavin had favorable response in 40% cases.

The nutrient profile of the green alga Golenkinia radiata Chodat includes- carbohydrate (40.39%), protein (13.3%), lipid (12.9%) 64.9 mg total lipid per 500 mg biomass, energy 1385.24 kJ per 100 gm biomass and pigments- chlorophyll a (1.44±0.047 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.64±0.027 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.09±0.073 mg/g) and total carotenoids (0.17±0.006 mg/g) (with acetone method) and chlorophyll a (1.76±0.026 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.45±0.021 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.21±0.046 mg/g) and total carotenoids (0.20±0.001 mg/g) (with DMSO method). Biomass was rich in carbohydrate content which might have influenced the fish growth in the pond rich of Golenkinia. Green alga Golenkinia has been recorded from different countries of World like - Europe, N. America, S. Africa, Ceylon, Japan and India (Philipose, M.T 1967). Golenkinia radiata has been reported from different water reservoirs but there were absolutely no report on nutritional profile of this alga (Priya Gopinath and Ajit Kumar, 2015, Pathmanapan et al., 2010, Tripathi, 2013, Singh and Balasingh 2012, Tiwari and Chauhan, 2006). Healthy fishes growing in an artificial pond with substantial amount of Golenkinia biomass inspired the idea of its nutritional profiling. Biomass was collected and processed for its proximate composition like carbohydrate, protein, lipid and also the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). This is the first report from Indian species of Golenkinia radiata.

In this paper, we try to evaluate the impact of the systems of insurance on the growth economy and this by an empirical estimation in static panel of the interaction which exists between the degree of the development of the agricultural insurance and the development of the real growth of the agricultural production in three American, European and Asian continents during period (2000-2012) in presence of natural risk. In particular, this evaluation is explored for an economy activity strongly submitted to risks, namely the agriculture. Our study covers 24 countries selected on the basis of data availability they include : (a) the European countries, consisting of 7 countries, namely : Austria, Russia, France, Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain ; (b) the American countries, consisting of 15 countries, namely : Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Chile, Dominic Republic, Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Australia, the USA, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela ; and (c) the Asian countries, consisting of 2 countries, namely : India and China. The hypothesis which is discussed stipulates that the application of the agricultural insurance and as a consequence the development of the penetration in the agricultural insurance could have a positive impact on the the growth of the agricultural production in presence of natural risk. We validate by an empirical estimation in static panel the interaction which exists between the degree of the development of the market of the agricultural insurance and the development of the real growth of the agricultural production in three American, European and Asian continents during period (2000-2012) in presence of natural risk. The results obtained from our estimation are interessting and suppose that several factors influence positively the development of the industry of agricultural insurance to insure an improvement of the agricultural growth production. These factors are: the penetration rate in the agricultural insurance, the agricultural investments, the agricultural spending and the subsidies of agricultural price production. The particularity of our estimation is the introduction of varaiables to evaluate the natural risk such us drought, floods, extreme temperatures in % of the population and disaster and the climatic indicators (Total Number of death).

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has become one of the major causes of mortality in the world at present, and it is for this reason various researches are being done for its diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Serum enzyme estimation is an important tool for it. Aim: To study changes in serum cardiac markers, after acute attack of MI Before & 2 hours after reperfusion and to establish usefulness of enzymes in early diagnosis of AMI. Methodology: A study of changes in serum cardiac markers CK-MB, LDH and AST, after acute attack of MI-before and 2 hours after reperfusion was conducted at govt. hospital. Total 100 patients were studied. All the patients were confirmed cases of AMI, admitted in the intensive care unit of Government General Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa. Blood samples were collected in plain bulb, at the time of admission and at 90 minutes (i.e. after reperfusion) and enzyme estimation was done for all 3 enzymes. Result: It was found that the serum CK-MB is the first and earliest enzyme released in compare to AST and LDH, and after reperfusion it increases 6-7 folds. The mean levels of all enzymes were higher after reperfusion, suggestive of good prognosis in case of early reperfusion after an attack of AMI.

Electroplating is considered a major polluting industry because it discharges toxic materials and heavy metals through wastewater (effluents) in environment. Hematological indices may be considered as stress indicators for estimation of the response reactions of the fish to various environmental conditions. The fish was exposed to different hours (24, 48, 72 and 96) in sub lethal concentration 5% electroplating effluent and parameters like RBC, WBC, HB, MCV, MCH MCHC, PCV has been analyzed. All hematological parameters except WBC were found to be decreased from control and the WBC was increased in all exposure periods indicating that test fish suffered hemolytic anaemia and leucocytosis. Increase in time produced a declining value of RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC also exhibit the sub lethal concentrations of the effluent. The present study clearly suggests that the haematological values fluctuate in accordance with the change in the environment

Objectives: Using a review of the literature, we described our technique for laparoendoscopic single site surgery orchidopexy using glove port and rigid instruments and we assessed its feasibility and its outcomes. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case records of all children who had undergone laparoendoscopic single site surgery orchidopexy for a nonpalpable intraabdominal testis between January 2013 and September 2014, using surgical glove port and conventional rigid instruments in children. Results: A total of 20 patients were collected. Mean age was 18 months. All cases had non palpable unilateral undescended testis. Fourteen patients (70%) had unilateral right side and six patients (30%) had unilateral left side. Seventeen patients underwent primary orchidopexy. Three patients had single-port laparoscopic Fowler–Stephens orchidopexy for the first and the second stage. Average operating time was 57 minutes (ranging from 40 to 80 minutes). No patient was lost to follow-up. At follow-up 2 testis were found to have retracted out of the scrotum and these were successfully dealt with a second operation. One testis was hypoplastic in the scrotal pouch. There were no signs of umbilical hernia. Conclusion: Single port laparoscopic orchidopexy using glove port and rigid instruments is technically feasible and safe for various nonpalpable intraabdominal testis. However, surgical experience and long-term follow-up are needed to test the superiority of this technique.

Partially edentulous patients with challenging conditions like abused ridges, allergy to denture resins, undercuts due to angulated remaining teeth, cancerous lesions and cleft palate pose a great challenge for the fabrication of a successful removable partial denture. In such cases flexible dentures offer a comfortable and affordable option. It was a long thought that removable partial dentures had to be rigid but with innovation of flexible dentures, flexibility combined with strength and light weight provides total comfort and great looks. This article is an effort to review the various commercially available flexible denture base materials, a case presentation and highlights the indications and special instructions in wearing and maintenance of the same.