Physical Sciences and Engineering

Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) and Citrus reticulata fruit is widely consumed the world over for its sweet juice. The peels, pulps and seeds may have some nutrients and antimicrobial properties but are essentially discarded with attendant waste generation. In this study, antimicrobial properties have been analysed in peels, pulp and seeds of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) and Citrus reticulata (kinnow). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, terpenoids, proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds.

This research article explores the development and impact of a gamified platform aimed at increasing legal literacy and awareness about children’s rights among children. Despite significant legal frameworks established to protect and promote children’s rights, awareness and understanding of these rights among children still need to be improved. The gamified platform seeks to bridge this gap by making legal education accessible, engaging, and age-appropriate through interactive games and storytelling.

Sugarcane pest and disease detection consider techniques in precision agriculture that would not only be expected to maintain the crops' health but even improve their yields. This research proposes assessing the various detection algorithms for their efficiency in detecting and classifying sugarcane diseases, including Deep Learning (CNN, ResNet, YOLO), Machine Learning (SVM, Random Forest, K-NN), Image Processing, and Hybrid Approaches.

Foot-related ailments, such as microbial infections and discomfort due to prolonged use of footwear, have necessitated the development of functional insoles with therapeutic properties. This study focuses on the development of a medicated bamboo insole infused with Ipomoea staphylina extract, known for its potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Bamboo fiber was selected as the base material due to its breathability, moisture-wicking ability, and eco-friendliness.

The whole world was taken in by surprise with the Covid 19 pandemic, Iraq and its educational institutions are no exception. During that period most institutions closed and tried to implement some kind of Distant Learning, Online Learning or Blended Learning to avoid the spread of the pandemic. This study tries to explore the impact online teaching had on the learners’ outcome by comparing the overall results of students in the first official exam (Intermediate) before Online Learning and after online learning during the pandemic.

There exists an analogical relationship between ecosystems and securities markets. The concept of an ecosystem in the context of capital markets pertains to the intricate relationships and interactions among diverse participants and their surrounding environments. The dynamics of competition and cooperation, transparency, and stability within the securities market are pivotal factors influencing market health and efficiency.

Fruit classification plays a pivotal role in the fruit industry. Traditional fruit classification methods rely heavily on manual inspection, which significantly hampers the accuracy and efficiency of harvesting. The advent of deep learning algorithms has empowered robots to classify fruits more swiftly, thereby enhancing picking efficiency. In this paper, we propose a deep optimization target detection algorithm based on the YOLOv8s framework to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fruit classification.

Ever increasing fuel price and unreliable electricity supply hamper irrigated crop production. Pressurized Air operated pump may be one of an alternate the electric motor operated pumps for irrigated crop production in the country. In this project we tried to develop an “IRRIGATION PUMP OPERATED BY AIR PRESSURE”. The main objective of this project is to develop an economical Irrigation pump which can be operated by compressed air. Generally, the reciprocating pump operated with compressed air, this project is an attempt to operate centrifugal pump with compressed air.

Kirişci M., Simsek N., Akyigit M.(21) have established fixed point result for neutrosophic Banach contraction. The aim of this paper is to put the notion of Neutrosophic Expansion on Neutrosophic Metric Space, and to prove a fixed point theorem for a Neutrosophic Expansion mapping.

This paper introduces Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) as a requisite solution for increasing the interpretability and trustworthiness of ML systems. This paper explores the importance of XAI through case studies in two key sectors: manufacturing and healthcare. The first case relates to a predictive maintenance application that uses XAI to anticipate the likelihood of machinery failure using a gradient-boosting decision tree, which provides detailed recommendations for optimizing productivity. The second case study is based on the healthcare sector.