Schwannomas are benign tumours that originate from the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. They may be found in any part of the body. In over 90%, they present as vestibular schwannomas, arisng from 8th cranial nerve . Schwannomas that arise from the hypoglossal nerve ( 12th cranial nerve), are very rare, accounting for only 5% of all nonacoustic intracranial schwannomas. Till date, very less cases of hypoglossal schwannomas have been reported in the literature.Due to their scarcity, early diagnosis of these lesions is difficult and important for further management . Thus , Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the routine imaging protcol for it. They are usually seen between the third and fifth decades of life, with no sex predilection. In the present case report, the case of a 46-year-old female presented with both eyes swelling , nystagmus , Imbalance while walking since 1month. After permorming MRI and diagnosing it ,the patient underwent excisional surgery, and pathological evaluation of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of benign schwannoma with Antoni areas A and B.
November 2019
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Journal Area:ABSTRACT:Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2701
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The mesmerising memorial has gifted a completely different definition to the new parts of the city and Gomti Nagar. However, a major problem that has been witnessed over time is the increase in microclimatic temperature inside and around the complex, creating discomfort for visitors/ users and nearby dwellers. The effect on environment has been overlooked by the creators of the memorial in today's millennium, when there is a desperate need to save the earth and have a sustainable approach to all that is created.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2710 -
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La présente étude examine la relation entre la durée de prise en charge psychosociale et les comportements disciplinaires des ex-enfants en situation de rue. Pour ce faire, 67 ex-enfants (35 filles et 32 garçons) de 09 à 24 ans, en situation de rue et suivi au Centre Enfants de Gloire de Cocody-Abatta ont été enquêtés à partir du questionnaire, de l’entretien et la fiche de suivi individuel. Ainsi, deux (02) groupes de sujets ont été constitués : les pensionnaires ayant bénéficié d’une prise en charge de plus de deux ans et ceux de moins de deux ans. Ces sujets ont été observés du point de vue de leurs comportements disciplinaires et indisciplinaires. Les résultats indiquent que les pensionnaires ayant bénéficié d’une prise en charge psychosociale de longue durée présentent majoritairement des comportements disciplinaires que leurs pairs qui en ont bénéficié moins de deux ans. L’étude renforce l’impact des théories comportementalistes et psychosociales dans le processus d’adaptation sociale des personnes en difficulté.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2712 -
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Background: Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates in Nigeria continue to fall below the WHO/UNICEF recommendation of 90% EBF in children less than 6 months in developing countries. Majority of the mothers are currently breastfeeding, but less than half of the mothers are exclusively breastfeeding. Despite the huge advantages of EBF and ill-effects of not exclusively breastfeeding, practice of EBF is not widespread in the developing countries like Nigeria. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the exclusive breastfeeding practices among nursing mothers who attend antenatal care in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: Data collection was by using a validated 26-item structured questionnaire which was administered to four hundred and twelve (412) nursing mothers who attended antenatal care in the health centres in Enugu state. Data generated from the study were analysed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions while t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses 1 and 2, then ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis 3 at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The nursing mothers who had ante-natal visits for four times and above practise exclusive breast-feeding to a high level with a grand mean of 2.81 and a standard deviation of 0.55 for all the items. The nursing mothers in urban locations in Enugu State practice exclusive breastfeeding to a high level with a grand mean of 3.11 and a standard deviation of 0.36 for all the items. The unemployed nursing mothers generally have high level of practice of exclusive breastfeeding with a grand mean of 3.18 and a standard deviation of 0.29. This is followed by the self-employed nursing mothers who also practice exclusive breastfeeding to a high extent with a grand mean of 2.56 and a standard deviation of 0.15. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding practice requires prompt attention in Nigeria as it has great benefits for child survival. Rural location, non-attendance/reduced number of ANC visits, and maternal employment negatively influence EBF practice among the nursing mothers in Enugu State, Nigeria. A prenatal EBF plan during antenatal care for every mother, distribution of leaflets on EBF practice with pictures to the mothers during ante-natal visit, deployment of more health workers to rural areas for effective EBF education, and extension of maternity leave up to the first six month of child’s age to achieve the most favorable EBF practices are recommended.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2741 -
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The high level of dental caries in the child popu¬lation, with 55% of 5 year old children having visible decay into dentine and 16% having experienced dental extractions, imposes a considerable burden on chil¬dren, their parents, and the dental team looking after them. Many children have to accept toothache as a part of nor¬mal daily life. Alongside the extensive untreated caries, there has been intense debate on whether restorative care provided in general dental practice is an effective way of managing children with den¬tal caries in primary teeth. It is against this background of low levels of restorative treatment provision in Primary Care, and uncertainty as to the effectiveness of that treatment even if it is provided, that a novel, simplified method of using PMCs (Preformed Metal Crowns), the Hall Technique, has been investigated.3 This method uses PMCs, which are filled with glass-ionomer cement, and simply pushed onto the tooth with no caries removal, local anaesthesia or tooth preparation. Recently published audit data from Dr Hall's practice records has indicated that the technique might have similar survival rates to other, more conventional, restorative options currently being used in Primary Care.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2745 -
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Peritonitis is a common pediatric surgical condition. The aim of our study is to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects within the pediatric surgery department of Bangui. We conducted a retrospective study of patient records received for pediatric surgery and peritonitis emergencies from January 2006 to December 2013. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software, 2008 version. A total of 206 files were selected. These are: 127 boys and 79 girls (sex ratio = 1.6), with an average age of 9.5 years with extremes of 7 days and 15 years. Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation. The clinical examination alone, in most cases, made the diagnosis possible. The surgical treatment was a function of the etiology: the excision-suture associated with washing drainage, was the most practiced surgical procedure. All our patients benefited from general anesthesia. Mean hospital stay was 9.4 days with extremes of 5 and 39 days. We noted a morbidity rate of 22.8% dominated by parietal suppurations and a mortality of 5.8%. The results obtained are comparable to those of the literature. The delay in consultation and referral constitutes the high morbidity and mortality factors. Strengthening the capacity to take charge of the service, particularly in resuscitation and care financing, would improve the prognosis of this condition.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2747 -
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Background: Cardiovascular diseases risk factors, develop silently during childhood and adolescence with the manifestation of the disease in adulthood. Hence, identification of individual risk factors in childhood is a good method to assess cardiovascular risk level in apparently healthy children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among primary school children in Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 374 randomly selected primary children aged 6 to 12 years (160 males and 214 females) of different socio-economic background. Physical examination was done, anthropometry taken and body mass index (BMI) percentile calculated. Blood pressure was taken using appropriate cuff sizes and non-fasting lipid profile and blood sugar done. Results: Thirty one (8.3%) were overweight, with 3.2% and 5.1% being males and females respectively. Fifteen (4.0%) were obese, with 1.6% males and 2.4% were females. Also, 29(7.8%) of the subjects had waist circumference greater than the 90th percentile. Another 29(7.8%) had elevated systolic blood pressure while 9 (2.4%) had systolic hypertension. Twenty five (6.7%) had hypercholesterolemia, 86(23%) had hypertriglyceridemia. One hundred and twenty one (32.4%) had HDL-cholesterol levels of less than 40mg/dl.. All the participants had normal blood glucose levels. Conclusion: This study revealed that cardiovascular risk factors are present in primary school children. It is important that efforts should be made to evaluate and identify these health indices with the aim of instituting appropriate interventions early in life to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases later.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2749 -
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The name ‘Paracetamol’ is derived from a compound name PARA-ACETylAMinophenOL by taking the underlined alphabets together. It is also refered to as acetaminophen. In some contexts, it is simply abbreviated as APAP, for Acetyl-Para AminoPhenol. Also variously referred to by trade names like Tylenol, Panadol and others. It is used orally, rectally, intramuscularly and intravenously. It is metabolized predominantly in the liver and 85-90% is excreted in the urine. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin, once popular as an analgesic and antipyretic in its own right. It was in 1950 that the first paracetamol product- a combination of Paracetamol, Aspirin and Caffeine was on the USA market under the name Triagesic but was later phased out because of its untoward haematological effects. When it was discovered that Paracetamol does not have blood damaging effects, in 1955 Paracetamol was back in USA market. For over a century, Paracetamol has been widely used as an effective antipyretic and analgesic medication with well-established tolerability. Certainly, the discovery of Paracetamol was a monumental one. Today, it is unarguably the commonest used drug across the world. It comes handy in the treatment of various conditions that have fever and or pain as part of their manifestation and even labour pains.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2754 -
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Introduction: Difficult intubation is defined as the need for three or more attempts for intubation of the trachea or more than 10 minutes to complete, situation occurs in 1.5% to 8% of the general anesthesia procedures. Objective: In this study a comparison of the assessment of airway ultrasound specifically insonando hyoid bone for display or not, compared to the degree of Cormack-Lehane in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia was performed. Material and methods: This study is a prospective, observational cross where 69 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were evaluated. They were subjected to a detailed evaluation of the airway prior to your surgery. Mallampati Classification, Distance and Distance Esternomentoniana thyromental documented, was also evaluated with submental ultrasound visualization or not of the hyoid bone. At the time of surgery, after general anesthesia monitoring and direct laryngoscopy was performed and the degree of Cormack-Lehane was observed. Results: The incidence of difficult intubation was 2.9%. Finally, the ultrasound to visualize the hyoid bone had a sensitivity of 96.4% on; specificity 75.0%, positive predictive value of 81.8%; negative predictive value of 92.7% which supports us to suggest as a predictor of the difficult airway. Conclusions: Display hyoid bone via the submental ultrasound demonstrated higher sensitivity than the combination of standard clinical scales. The highest sensitivity and negative predictive value were shown to display or not the hyoid bone and correlated with a difficult laryngoscopy.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2770 -
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The present study is an attempt to investigate the factors behind spinsterhood, the sort of perception popular mindset hold on spinsters and the consequences of being a spinster. It starts with a theoretical part as a background to the topic. Then, it moves to the practical part where the study depends a field work for testing the constructed hypothesis. The field work is conducted through questionnaires. Briefly, the findings proved that the majority of respondents, 51% believes that the society considers spinsters as those who had never been proposed to. Moreover, 52% of respondents believes that spinsters are old women who had never been married. As to the factors behind spinsterhood, the findings proved that the majority of the respondents, 75% refer spinsterhood to the fact that women prioritize their education and careers on marriage. For the consequences of spinsterhood, 53% of respondents demonstrate that spinsters’ isolation and embarrassment is one major impact of spinsterhood.
Pub. Date: November 21, 2019Paper No:2771 -
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This article attempts to explore basic modes of expression in English poetry. A number of poetic lines or stanzas from diverse poems composed by various poets have been presented as a sample to explore the varied modes of expression in English poetry. Presentation and description of poetic lines that indicate the modes of expression are executed as a method of analysis of verse lines that function as data. This article can turn to be useful to those who are interested in studying and teaching English poetry. It is concluded that better understanding of the basic modes of expression in English poetry leads the readers to make better interpretation, more precise analysis and fairer evaluation of poetry.
Pub. Date: November 30, 2019Paper No:2804 -
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This study examined the dissemination of health information to stakeholders in Tanzania. The study aimed at determining the channels used to disseminate health information and the challenges hindering the dissemination of health information in Tanzania with specific reference to Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) library. This study used the Mixed Approach. Convenience sampling was used to draw a sample of thirty one library professionals and teaching staff at MUHAS Library. Data were collected through questionnaires where by both open ended questions and closed questions were asked. Statistical Package for social sciences was used to analyse the descriptive statistics and the findings were presented in contingency tables and figures. The findings showed that the major channels for disseminating health information include: brochures, research reports, journals, news papers, exhibitions, press conferences, social media, radio, short messaging services, drama, seminars, and community based organizations. Other channels include: primary school pupils, religious leaders, website, health service providers, and flayers. Further it was revealed that challenges hindering dissemination of health information to stakeholders include: financial constraints, unreliable electricity in some rural areas, researchers’ poor motivation and inadequate skills in repackaging information sources, poor reading culture, and language problem. The study concludes that the government through the ministry of health, community development, gender, elderly, and children (MoHCDGEC) should address all the identified challenges hindering the dissemination of health information to stakeholders at MUHAS, Tanzania. The study therefore, recommends that measures such as allocation of enough budget and provision of training in repackaging to researchers could enhance the dissemination of health information in the Country.
Pub. Date: November 30, 2019Paper No:2735