Peritonitis is a common pediatric surgical condition. The aim of our study is to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects within the pediatric surgery department of Bangui. We conducted a retrospective study of patient records received for pediatric surgery and peritonitis emergencies from January 2006 to December 2013. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software, 2008 version. A total of 206 files were selected. These are: 127 boys and 79 girls (sex ratio = 1.6), with an average age of 9.5 years with extremes of 7 days and 15 years. Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation. The clinical examination alone, in most cases, made the diagnosis possible. The surgical treatment was a function of the etiology: the excision-suture associated with washing drainage, was the most practiced surgical procedure. All our patients benefited from general anesthesia. Mean hospital stay was 9.4 days with extremes of 5 and 39 days. We noted a morbidity rate of 22.8% dominated by parietal suppurations and a mortality of 5.8%. The results obtained are comparable to those of the literature. The delay in consultation and referral constitutes the high morbidity and mortality factors. Strengthening the capacity to take charge of the service, particularly in resuscitation and care financing, would improve the prognosis of this condition.
