Physical Sciences and Engineering

Antifouling refers to the process of control of fouling which occurs on liquid-solid surfaces. The term ‘fouling’ indicates an undesirable natural succession process during biofilm formation, in which a submerged surface or membranes becomes encrusted with material from the surrounding environment. It mainly involves microorganisms and their by-products developed on the surface by conditioning, attachment, biofilm formation followed by colonization. The accumulation of micro and macrofoulers on immersed structures results in economic as well as environmental losses.

Measurement and control of surface roughness are important in many fields, such as magnetic media, semiconductor processing and optics. Typical roughness measurements are performed using stylus profilers, non-contact optical profilers, or scanning probe microscopes (SPM).An experimental approach for surface roughness evaluation based on the speckle pattern imaging has been attempted in this work by a simple configuration of setup consisting of laser, laboratory spectrometer, Beam Expander and CCD camera.

Nowadays tourism is a sustainable means for economic prosperity in macro and micro levels all over the world. Moreover, tourism produces benefits i.e. small and medium-sized enterprises development, creation of new jobs, improvement of infrastructure etc. An area of study related to cultural tourism and the role of festivals in the creation of opportunities for community orientated events and festivals is focusing for the literature research.

The selection of suitable chelating agent for particular ferrite composition becomes critical in attaining an optimum particle size with a precise control. Since the increase in viscosity and prevention of cation segregation due to addition of chelating agent and the nature of cat-ions play crucial role in controlling the particle size. In this view nano crystalline Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 ferrites have been synthesized by sol-gel technique using PVA and PEG as chelating agents at different annealing temperatures.

Cities need to become smarter by becoming more sustainable, more efficient and more livable. Information technology is helpful in making the city smarter. Smart cities are based on eight pillars comprises of buildings, energy, water, recycling, healthcare, mobility, services and finance. This paper focuses mainly on energy, environment and infrastructure which include all the eight pillars.

Due to the advent of new technologies, devices, and communication means like social networking sites, the amount of data produced by mankind is growing rapidly every year. The amount of data produced by us from the beginning of time till 2003 was 5 billion gigabytes. If you pile up the data in the form of disks it may fill an entire football field. The same amount was created in every two days in 2011, and in every ten minutes in 2013. This rate is still growing enormously.

Why do some companies succeed? What distinguishes these companies from their competitors? What do they do differently to ensure they develop and maintain their competitive advantage? This paper puts forward the hypothesis that companies, which adopt a formal strategic management function, within their organisation structure manage to maintain their competitive advantage. The field of strategic management has matured in the last few decades from a corporate planning function, to a wider and to some extent, a less quantitative oriented field.

We have put a study of linear and nonlinear propagation of kinetic Alfven waves in dusty plasma. By making a use of the Sagdeev potential approach, we have examined the amplitude and period of the solitary density waves. The self-gravitating effect is involved in terms of Jeans term. In linear treatment the Jeans effect play a vital role by in low magnetized plasmas,the wave dispersion decreases, when Jeans affect increases. The wave dispersion increases, when the dust density increases.

The paper deals with the study of a low cost agro waste construction material i.e. Strawbale .The cost of construction materials is increasing incrementally. It is essential to find functional substitutes for conventional building materials in the construction industry. In view of the importance of saving of energy and conservation of resources, efficient recycling of all these agro wastes is now a global concern requiring extensive R&D work towards exploring newer applications and maximizing use of existing technologies for a sustainable and environmentally sound management.

Groundwater studies have become of great concern especially in arid and semi-arid areas as they rely heavily on groundwater as a main source. In Egypt there are many aquifer systems of which the Nile Delta aquifer is considered as one of the most important aquifers. However, there are several environmental problems such as salinization, water pollution, logging and mounding of groundwater levels affect the development in eastern Nile Delta region.