December 2022

The article contains a theoretical study, reflecting the importance of drawing for future architects and interior designers in their professional career, a key to success. The analysis of our research and observations proves that a good architect or an interior designer is also an excellent draftsman to convince his beneficiaries through the proposed concept ideas. The study carried out demonstrates with certainty the importance of the study of drawing and the impact on the development of the imagination and creativity of future specialists: architects and interior designers, by developing the skills of perceiving proportions and forms in closed and open spaces, etc. The findings of this study demonstrate the positive impact of drawing in the professional training of future architects and interior designers to observe, research the environment, perceive, to possess principles and methods of representation of the volumes of the surrounding world through various artistic means and graphic techniques of rapid representation of a sketch drawing to the beneficiary's conviction.

The field trials of the present experiment were conducted to study the response of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the onion growth and yield during the Rabi season 2021-22 at the Vegetable Farm of College of Agriculture of Guru Kashi University at Bathinda. The plant material comprised onion (Allium cepa L.) variety “N-53” which has been recommended by PAU, Ludhiana for cultivation in the state during rabi season. The field experiments were laid out in split plot design. The treatments comprised three levels of nitrogen and three levels of phosphorus i.e.N = 100(N1), 150 (N2) and 200 (N3) kg/ha and P = 50 (P1), 75 (P2) and 100 (P3) kg/haof chemical fertilizers and its combination. Each treatment was replicated thrice.The observations were recorded for ten randomly selected plants and leaving two border rows from each plot. The data were recorded with respect to the plant height (cm) at 60, 90,120 and at last harvest, number of leaf length(cm) at 60, 90 and 120 days, bulb weight (gm) and bulb yield (t/ha).Nitrogen 200 kg/ha and phosphorous 100 kg/ha showed the maximum height of 33.70cm, 39.46cm, 54.48cm and 56.17 cm and leaf length 32.99cm, 50.50cm, 45.19cm and 47.cm at 60 DAP, 90 DAP, 120DAP and at the time of harvest respectively. The dose of 200 kg/ha N and 100 kg/ha P increased the bulb weight 89.60 gm at maturity and marketable bulb yield 22.32 t ha-1. The current study revealed that the highest bulb yield of onion cv. N-53 can be achieved with the incorporation of 200 kg nitrogen and 100 kg phosphorus per ha.

In this study, to confirm the antiobesity efficacy of wheat germ hot-water extract, hot-water extraction with 20%, 50%, and 80% ethanol content was used to analyze antioxidant efficacy, Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial activity, lipase inhibitory activity, and α-glucosidase activity inhibitory activity. As a result of the antioxidant test of wheat germ extracts, the IC50 values of ascorbic acid used as a control was 2.16, whereas the values for 20%, 50%, and 80% ethanol of wheat germ extracts were 3.13, 2.91, and 2.64, respectively. The values were lowers in all samples than that in ascorbic acid, but antioxidants showed concentration-dependent effects. The result of the antibacterial analysis of wheat germ extracts showed that the antimicrobial activity increased as the ethanol content increased, and specifically, the 80% ethanol extract showed a high bacterial reduction rate of 75.7%. In the lipase activity inhibition analysis of wheat germ extracts, the lipase inhibitory activity of orlistat (positive control) was 81.9% ± 1.17%, whereas those of 20%, 50%, and 80% ethanol extract were 76.0% ± 7.42%, 85.5% ± 5.01%, and 95.5% ± 3.26%, respectively. All extracts showed lipase inhibitory activity. Specifically, 80% ethanol extract showed higher lipase inhibitory activity than orlistat (positive control). In the α-glucosidase activity inhibitory activity analysis of wheat germ extracts, the inhibitory activity of acarbose (positive control) was 87.5% ± 3.21%; 20% ethanol extract, 71.3% ± 3.40%; 50% ethanol extract, 88.2% ± 4.00%; and 80% ethanol extract, 90.2% ± 90.2 ± 4.00%. All extracts showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 2.12%. Specifically, the 80% ethanol extract showed a higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (positive control). This is caused by the effect of complex extracts such as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and linoelaidic acid.

Generation of farmer innovations and re-inventions is not a new phenomenon to the farming community. Farmer innovations and re-inventions is a subject that is increasingly making people sit up and think. At the very least it underpins a refreshing new approach to indigenous environmental knowledge that goes further than just passive admiration. At the most it is a potentially important new direction for research and extension wherever else the conventional approaches have failed to deliver. Findings of the study revealed that profile characters of the majority of the farmer innovators were middle to young aged, educated from under graduation to high schooling, possessing larger land holdings, found to have medium farming experience, annual family income, research and extension contact, mass media consumption, achievement motivation, scientiscism vs fatalism and progressivism have high creativity, risk bearing ability, and high research orientation. Farmers have been recognised as one of the key sources of innovation generation and there are calls for strengthening their innovation capacities. Based on profile characteristics of the farmer innovators this study analyses the innovation generation activities of farmers in the selected sample area. And the results suggest that a participatory extension approach by considering these profile characteristics of the farmers innovation systems perspective, is a key determinant of innovation capacity in farmers. This is possible because participants are likely to be empowered and also gain problem-solving and analytical skills which are essential for generation of innovations and re-inventions.

Valorization of the Malian phosphate rock as an adsorbent requires the determination of its performances in terms of kinetics and maximum adsorption capacity. The potential of Tilemsi Phosphate Rocks (TPR), to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was evaluated in a batch. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, initial concentration (25–200 mg/L), pH (4–12) and temperature (20-60˚C). Adsorption isotherms were modeled with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. The experimental data were analyzed by using two kinetic models: the pseudo first order, pseudo second order models. The results shows that equilibrium is quick, and the data were best described by the pseudo second-order model (R2= 0.99). The amount of the dye adsorbed increases with the mass of adsorbent. The adsorption process dependent pH with a high adsorption capacity at pH =4. The dye adsorption equilibrium was attained after 40 min of contact time. Removal of dye in acidic solutions was better than in basic solutions. The adsorption of (MB) increased with increasing initial dye concentration. The equilibrium data were revealed that Langmuir model was more suitable to describe the (MB) adsorption. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic. The results indicated that the Tilemsi phosphate rock could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for dye removal.The TRPcould be useful in implementation of a new cheap technology for textile wastewater treatment.

La cefalea posterior a la punción dural (CPPD) es una complicación secundaria al bloqueo neuroaxial, en donde se presenta una fuga de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el sitio de punción dural. Una característica diagnóstica de la CPPD es un dolor de cabeza postural que empeora al sentarse o pararse y mejora al acostarse. Las terapias conservadoras, como el reposo en cama, la hidratación y la cafeína, se usan comúnmente como profilaxis y tratamiento para esta afección. El parche hemático epidural es la opción de tratamiento más efectiva para pacientes con manejo conservador fallido. Se han sugerido varias otras intervenciones profilácticas y de tratamiento. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de evidencia concluyente que respalde su uso, los beneficios potenciales de tales intervenciones deben sopesarse cuidadosamente frente a los riesgos. Este artículo revisa la literatura actual sobre el diagnóstico, los factores de riesgo, la fisiopatología, la prevención y el tratamiento de la CPPD.