May 2017

The Indian Pharmaceutical Industries underwent phenomenal change after 1 January 2005, when international patent laws were implemented. India’s domestic pharmaceutical companies have experienced a significant increase in R and D spending to be competitive in the world market. Although the Indian pharmaceutical market is very small and does not have enough funding for drug discovery programs, India has well-educated scientists, a well-established computer industry, and technological know-how for the manufacture of bulk drugs and formulations. This article discusses various challenges of India’s pharmaceutical industry and how it could tie to the American Pharmaceutical industry. Recent globalization and the development of the information superhighway have brought the countries of the world closer. From a business perspective, the world is one market place. The American pharmaceutical industry has played a pioneering role in the development of the drug industry through in-depth, timely, and useful research and bulk manufacturing of drug products. Although the US pharmaceutical industry is enjoying the leadership position, it can no longer be content to focus only on the US, Japanese, and European markets.

This study examined the prevalence of DMDD among primary school children in Abakaliki Metropolis of Ebonyi State, Nigeria and its attendant psychological implications on emotional nurturing. The study employed a qualitative survey research interview method. The population consists of 386 respondents. The researcher using purposive simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 188 respondents which comprised of primary school teachers with teaching experience ranging from 2-20 years. A semi-structured interview questions which was in line with the research objectives were used to elicit information from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained through a test re-test method which yielded a reliability co-efficient result of 0.72. The data collected was analyzed using frequency and simple percentages. Findings showed that 9.57% of the primary school teachers agreed that they are aware the children that they teach exhibited DMDD symptoms with attendant psychological implications of poor self-esteem, depression, anxiety and mood swings. Study further revealed that caregivers are not aware of DMDD symptoms in children that they handle. The study recommended among others routine diagnosis of DMDD in primary school children in the study area.

There are a number of methods currently used for measuring proteins in cerebrospinal fluid which incorporate turbidimetry, colorimetry and electrophoresis. For a long time turbidimetry using 3% Trichloroacetic acid (3%TCA) was in routine use, however colorimetric methods like pyrogallol red are emerging and being embraced. This study was aimed at comparing cerebrospinal fluid protein measurement using 3% TCA turbidimetry andpyrogallol red colorimetry to determine whether the methods have co-relation in the values obtained. The study was carried out at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital where, CSF of 120 patients were randomly collected and protein level measurement done in parallel using the two methods (3% TCA turbidimetry andpyrogallol red). correlation coefficient (r) between pyrogallol red and 3% TCA was 0.876375with a p value of 0.00 at 5% α level and a confidence interval of 0.83 - 0.91 which thus showed there is variation in CSF protein values obtained using pyrogallol red and 3% TCA. Accuracy and precision were determined based on the control materials run from which it was observed that for both normal and high controls, pyrogallol red showed better accuracy and precision as compared to 3%TCA which thus makes use of pyrogallol red the preferred method for more reliable results