May 2016

This paper sought to understand and evaluate the money culture in politics. It is appreciable that politics in Kenya has undergone notable changes gravitating around multipartism to dominant singlepartism, and now to coalition politics. On many occasions, experiences of violence have marred Kenya’s political choice processes yet, one constant thing that seems to have evolved in the practice of elective politics in Kenya is ‘money culture’. Money perse in politics may not be bad because it is what drives political planning and facilitation. However, the way money exchanges hands in Kenyan politics opens avenues for critical enquiries This study guided by the following objectives will ventilate this dilemma. One, the study found out the application of money in political process in global perspective; two, it interrogated the practice of money culture in Kenyan politics; and finally it established money culture vis a vis morality and integrity in Kenyan politics. Guided by the Sociological Cycle Theory, the study used both qualitative and quantitative research design by application of a simple random sample subjected to a population sample of 150, through administration of open and closed ended questionnaire, the researchers then analyzed data and made conclusions that money culture is unethical when applied to influence voters or politicians.

Histopathological changes have been widely used as biomarkers in the evaluation of the health of fish exposed to contaminants, both in the laboratory and field studies. One of the great advantages of using histopathological biomarkers in environmental monitoring is that this category of biomarkers allows examining specific target organ including liver that are responsible for vital functions. Alternations found in these organs are normally easier identifying than functional ones. Quinalphos is one of the organophosphate insecticides represent one of the most widely used classes of pesticide with high potential for human exposure in both rural and residential environments The fresh water fish, Anabas testudineus was selected as the test animals. 1/10th of 96 hrs LC50 was taken as sublethal concentration of Quinalphos pesticide. After the stipulated period of exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) fishes were sacrificed and liver was isolated and used for histopathological studies

The telecom industry is a highly competitive market, with frequent innovations required to sustain the business. The current business situation indicates a mismatch between user expectations and tariff plans available in the market. Furthermore, most service providers suffer from a high churn rate. The client (service provider) would therefore like to analyze the market and offer more customized plans that help to increase the retention rate. So the business objective is to develop a model to profile the customers based on their usage patterns, the activities they indulge in order to design a service plans that will cater to their areas of interest. To realize the business objective, there is a need to apply unsupervised data mining techniques on given data to bring out clusters of people with similar data-usage attributes and mobile preferences. The clusters, soidentified can then be targeted by service providers with customized data plans and contracts. Thus this help in choosing the best recommendation plans to increase the profit of the service provider and even the customers.

The field of remote sensing is a continuously growing market with applications like vegetation mapping and observation of the environment. The increase in applications is due to the availability of high quality images for a reasonable price and improved computation power. However, as a result of the demand for higher classification accuracy and the need in enhanced positioning precision (e.g. for geoscience information systems) there is always a need to improve the spectral and spatial resolution of remotely sensed imagery. These requirements can be either fulfilled by building new satellites with a superior resolution power, or by the utilization of image processing techniques. The main advantage of the second alternative is the significantly lower expense. Remote sensing images are distinct in terms of imaging as the images are captured over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum such as the thermal infrared and the microwave spectrum. Also, interpreting the satellite images requires a previous experience and understanding of the nature of the Earth’s surface and the target areas. Moreover, analysis of remote sensing images aims to extract the information about the land cover and sometimes present it as a graphic format (such as maps).The sensors launched on the satellites provide a variety of images with different specifications. Therefore, it is required to introduce an efficient technique that integrates the output of two or more sensors and produces more accurate images to meet the requirements of remote sensing applications including: environmental change detection agricultural monitoring and urban planning. Therefore, image fusion is a promising research area in the image-based application fields. The aim of the paper is to produce a single image from set of images using Contourlet transform. Considerable progress has been made in the fusion of images from different imaging modalities using software approaches. One goal of fusion software is to align anatomical and functional images and allow improved spatial localization of abnormalities. The software part is using MATLAB for fusing images.

Blogs have become an integral part of online culture. They have grown into a massive communication tool used by everyone. Any person from the public can play an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating information on a blog. It is participatory in nature because of user comments attached to news stories. The study which was descriptive in nature dilated upon role of blogging and its contribution to participatory communication. Blogging allows the masses to be a part of the large communication system. Blogging is still an evolving phenomenon in our country. The use of blogs is steadily on the rise and will be rising to an effective medium in coming years. Critics scoff at the idea of this kind of untrained journalism, while positivist sees them only as teething trouble. Hence, one can conclude that despite being a nascent genre, bogging is here to stay.

The present study was aimed for scientific evaluation of the antiinflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Aristolochia bracteata Retz whole plant by in vivo carrageenan induced paw edema model in albino rats. Ethanol extract showed dose dependent antiinflammatory activity. The ethanol extract has shown a significant (p< 0.001) percentage inhibition of paw edema 80.79% and 87.70% on 3 hour at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The study was compared with standard drug indomethacin 85.11% (10mg/kg). This result provide a scientific basis for the use of the whole plant of A.bracteata as an antiinflammatory agent.

Handlings and transport of fish are the most stressful procedures in aquaculture. The anesthetic efficacy of two types of natural anesthetics in both forms of powder and oil were evaluated on young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the mean weight of 60±10g for handling and health management experiments. These works were conducted in the laboratory of fish research in the Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at University of Sulaimani. The study included three experiments. In the first experiment, safety concentrations of anesthetics type and concentration were assessed by using two types of clove and mustard anesthetics in both forms of powder and oil; each with three replicates for measuring induction times to anesthesia. The induction time of C. carpio which decreased with increasing concentrations of clove powder, the induction time was less than three minutes for a dose of 400mg/L, which was 137.11 sec. was significantly different (P<0.05) from the other dosages (200 and 300 mg/L). As the concentrations of clove powder increased the ventilation rate in stage I, II and III of anesthesia and recovery increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control.

The enigma of relapse has prevailed in orthodontics since early 1900s. Good stability of an orthodontic treatment relies on proper planning of retention protocol. Many retention protocols are in use by various clinicians, the most common being fixed lingual retainers since the degree of relapse is highly unpredictable. Bonded retainers offer advantages compared to conventional removable retainers in that they are invisible from the front, require less patient cooperation, and provide a long-term or even permanent retention. Various techniques of fixed bonded retainers with different materials have been described in the literature. Glass fiber retainers were introduced to replace the conventional metal wires as fixed lingual retainers. They were proposed to provide better esthetics, easy handling, and biocompatibility as well as improved mechanical strength required for retention. The clinical reliability of Fiber Reinforced Composite retainers still remains questionable and its popularity as the "4th Generation" retainers is limited. The purpose of this paper is to review the rationale of the use of fiber reinforced composites as lingual retainers. Their clinical efficacy, success rate as well as periodontal and oral hygiene status has been discussed. Conclusion: Bonded fiber reinforced lingual retainers cannot be presently considered as the "4th generation." Despite being more esthetic, biocompatible and better retentive strength, the glass fiber retainers are more technique sensitive, expensive and have questionable clinical effectiveness. The multistranded or twisted stainless steel and other wire retainers still are most commonly and widely used.

The study is about impact of Jammu Kashmir State Rural Livelihoods Mission (JKRLM) on rural women of Block Dansal, District Jammu in terms of their socio-economic empowerment. The study covers objectives, structure, and implementation process in block. An effort has been made to highlight how SHG approach has brought major changes in the lives of poor women via organizing them with sensitive support and pave way to the multidimensional empowerment