Since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, political and ideological interests in Marxism had waned. Academic interest on it had however lingered on. Although Marx and Engels did not anticipate that rural Russia and her Lenin will stage the first successful revolution, the fact of its happening led to tremendous economic development and political explanation on the study of revolutionary Marxism. This work which was premised on doctrinal method sought to revisit the critiques that followed the emergence of socialism in one country. It sought to look back on the era and raise the issues which were considered then as areas of significant disputations that time and further research were to address and resolve especially in the face of the Russo-Ukrainian war since 2022. The work found that Marxism’s claim to scientific methodhas faced serious problem of analysis of predictions and suggestion of goodwill among the citizens of communist states. It found that Marxism was able to give a revolutionary theory to fight capitalism in the context of a divided world prism but has remained unable to surmount it.
February 2026
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Journal Area:ABSTRACT:Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6228
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This qualitative study explores the impact of screen time on the cognitive development of Early Childhood Development (ECD) learners in rural primary schools in Honde Valley, Mutare District of Zimbabwe. Guided by an interpretivist philosophy, the study gathered data from 60 participants identified as key informants. Data collection methods included interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, with thematic analysis used to identify patterns across the datasets. Findings reveal a varied picture, influenced by content quality, access limitations, and socioeconomic factors. Structured exposure to educational digital content showed cognitive benefits, such as improved numeracy, increased curiosity, critical thinking, and verbal engagement, even amid scarcity. However, unregulated recreational screen time, especially involving violent cartoons, was consistently associated with avoidance of educational tasks and aggressive behavioral mimicry. The study also highlights widespread device scarcity, leading to shared use primarily for passive entertainment rather than interactive learning, both at home and in under-resourced schools. Parental mediation varied, often emphasizing economic concerns (data costs) and behavioral control over educational potential. The study concludes that screen time is neither inherently beneficial nor harmful in the ECD context of Honde Valley. Its effects are largely influenced by content purpose and quality, access type, supervision, and broader issues of poverty and digital inequality. To unlock the full potential of screen time for cognitive development, context-specific policies, infrastructure development, teacher training, offline-enabled devices, and community collaboration are essential to move from passive consumption toward equitable, educational engagement use.
Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6371 -
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Pneumoperitoneum is traditionally considered a surgical emergency suggestive of hollow viscus perforation. However, rare non-surgical causes such as thoracic air leaks may also result in free intraperitoneal air. We report a case of a 16-year-old male who presented with spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax secondary to septic pulmonary emboli and subsequently developed pneumoperitoneum due to trans-diaphragmatic air dissection. The patient was critically ill with sepsis and septic shock requiring intensive care and multiple vasopressors. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen revealed pneumoperitoneum without evidence of gastrointestinal perforation. The patient was managed conservatively with chest tube drainage, antibiotics, and supportive care, with favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of recognizing thoracic causes of pneumoperitoneum to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6441 -
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In Indian metropolitan cities rapid administration has significantly transformed the land surfaces and ecological conditions. There is a direct implication for the urban climate and environmental sustainability. Hyderabad which is one of the fastest growing cities in southern India has experienced extensive spatial expansion over the past two decades. This study will be examining the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urban vegetation in Hyderabad by using the normalised difference vegetation index NDVI. Which is an indicator of vegetation health and density. Three distinct periods multi temporal satellite data were analysed 2000-04, 2010-2014, 2020-2024 to capture long term vegetation trends which is associated with different phases of urban growth.The study results reveal that there is a progressive decline and fragmentation of vegetated areas. The change is particularly observed along the major urban expansion corridors in the West common north western and eastern parts of the city. The research also observed that the NDVI values persist in reservoir catchment defence lands and institutional real gas. But the spatial extent of the urban green cover has considerably reduced overtime. These vegetation changes indicate increasing ecological strengths and also reduce to capacity for the climate regulation within the urban environment. This study once a highlights the effectiveness of NDVI based remote sensing for long term monitoring of urban vegetation and emphasis users the need to integrate green infrastructure planning into Urban Development policies. It will enhance the climate residence and environmental sustainability in rapidly growing cities.
Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6443 -
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Purpose: This study examines the evolution of digital lending in India’s personal loan segment from FY 2018-19 to FY 2024-25 (till December 2024). It focuses on assessing market growth, shifts in borrower profiles, demographic and geographic outreach, and emerging credit patterns. The objective is to understand how digital lending platforms have improved access to credit, particularly in underserved areas, and to evaluate the inclusivity of these changes in terms of age, gender, and credit vintage. Methodology: The research is entirely based on secondary data collected from financial reports, industry databases, and insights published by the Fintech Association for Consumer Empowerment.The analysis covers key metrics such as sanctioned loan volumes, average ticket sizes, demographic segmentation (age, gender), bureau vintage, and regional distribution. Tools like trend analysis, percentage share comparisons, and growth indicators are employed to evaluate the expansion and demographic penetration of digital personal loans. Findings: The study reveals steady growth in digital personal loan volumes and values, reflecting increased borrower trust. There is a clear shift towards Tier II/III cities and rural areas, along with greater participation by youth, women, and new-to-credit borrowers. While progress is evident, challenges related to gender parity and regional equity persist. Originality: This paper offers a focused, longitudinal, and data-driven analysis of digital personal loans, setting it apart from fragmented or short-duration studies. By integrating demographic, geographic, and behavioural factors, it addresses a critical research gap. The study’s exclusive focus on personal loans enhances its depth, offering actionable insights for policymakers, fintech innovators, and financial inclusion advocates.
Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6444 -
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This paper examines the central role of silence (mouna) in the philosophy and spiritual practice of Sri Ramana Maharshi. Unlike many modern religious teachers who relied primarily on doctrinal exposition or ritual instruction, Ramana Maharshi upheld silence not merely as the absence of speech but as the very nature of the Self and the highest mode of spiritual transmission. The study explores how silence functions simultaneously as ontology, method, and realization in his teaching. It analyses his understanding of the ‘I-thought’ as the root of ego-consciousness and explains how the cessation of this thought reveals pure awareness, which he identifies as the silent Self. The paper further investigates the epistemological implications of his view, particularly his critique of conceptual and subject–object knowledge, emphasizing that true knowledge arises only in non-dual silence. Attention is also given to the role of silence in devotion, worship, initiation (diksha), and sat-sanga, demonstrating how silent presence operates as a transformative spiritual force independent of verbal instruction or physical proximity. By situating silence as the highest form of grace and teaching, the paper argues that Ramana Maharshi presents a radical reinterpretation of spiritual communication in which silence is both the path to Self-realization and its ultimate fulfillment.
Pub. Date: February 27, 2026Paper No:6462 -
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In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of a viscous fluid called viscous variable Chaplygin gas (VVCG) model. The equation of state p=-B/ρ is used, with B=B_0 V^(-n/3) and B_0, a positive universal constant. Our study has also taken consideration of the bulk viscosity coefficient, ξ=ξ_0 ρ^(1/2). In order, to analyze the nature of the universe, the behavior of physical parameters in viscous fluid is discussed. The third law of thermodynamics validity is examined using the specific heat formalism. Furthermore, the thermal equation of state is discussed with the aid of thermodynamic entities. Adiabatic, specific heat, and isothermal conditions from classical thermodynamics are used to investigate thermodynamic stability.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6395 -
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In order to improve prosthetics and orthotics service delivery at the National Prosthetics and Orthotics Center (NPOC), the study was carried out to understand patients and health care providers views on services provided to customers. Satisfaction with this aspect of health care delivery at the facility has often not been studied. The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze patients’ satisfaction regarding services provided by the facility. Patients were interviewed face to face on services provided by staff. Staff were also interviewed to find out peculiar challenges they face.Total of 7 clients using various orthoses and prostheses and 6 staffs were interviewed. Selection of clients was done conveniently on P&O care receivers. They were sampled for the study based on their availability. The interviews were conducted base on major themes coveringi) types and quality of Prostheses and Orthoses manufactured at the NPOC considering materials and components ii) how these assistive devices or services affect the quality of life of PWDs iv) customer satisfaction with prosthetic and orthotic services at the NPOC. Microsoft Word and Excel was used in analyzing the data qualitatively using manual thematic analysis by first transcribing the responses obtained from the audio taped interviews conducted in comparison with field notes. The results reveal service providers use their experiences and shared responsibilities to deliver care despite challenges with some materials and components. In conclusionclients were quite satisfied with their assistive devices and general service provided, yet some requested government supports in providing modern materials and components. Recommendations were made on Government of Ghana to subsidize the cost of assistive devices, develop standards of operation,and future studies be extended to regional and private centers in the country.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6006 -
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This study examines the interplay between teacher performance, the extent of globalization‑related challenges encountered, and the mitigation strategies implemented by developmental education teachers in the Catmon District. Drawing on data from 191 teachers sampled through stratified random sampling, the study integrates Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) ratings across two consecutive school years (2023–2024 and 2024–2025) with teachers’ self‑reported experiences of pedagogical, technological, professional development, classroom management, and stakeholder‑engagement challenges. Findings reveal consistently high teacher performance (M = 4.25/5; SD = 0.238) despite moderate‑to‑high globalization pressures. Correlation analyses demonstrate strong positive associations between challenge levels and strategy implementation across multiple domains—particularly in technology integration (r = 0.352–0.369, p < .001), pedagogical innovation (r = 0.176–0.338), inclusive classroom management (r = 0.213–0.349), and community partnership initiatives (r = 0.151–0.293). Moreover, significant positive relationships between pedagogical challenges (r = 0.235, p = .001) and classroom management challenges (r = 0.176, p = .015) with IPCRF ratings suggest that higher‑performing teachers tend to perceive greater complexities, possibly reflecting deeper professional reflection, stronger instructional awareness, and heightened accountability. These results underscore the need for context‑responsive professional development, digital equity reforms, sustained community engagement frameworks, and the institutionalization of inclusive teaching practices to support teachers’ adaptive capacity in an increasingly globalized educational landscape.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6481 -
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This study examined consumer motivations affecting the airing and consumption of local animation in Kenya, focusing on youth audiences aged 18–35. Despite the growth of the local animation industry, limited research had been conducted on audience preferences, gratifications, and the factors influencing the broadcast and reception of Kenyan animations. Guided by the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the research adopted a descriptive design, collecting primary data through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with consumers, media house programming officers, and animation producers. Secondary data included policy documents and industry reports. Findings revealed that while local animations partially fulfilled cognitive and personal integrative gratifications, they largely failed to meet emotional, social, and entertainment needs. Key barriers identified included technical limitations, inconsistent programming, weak promotion, and limited audience research. Policy and regulatory frameworks were found to inadequately support the visibility, distribution, and development of local animation. The study concluded that enhancing production capacity, strategic scheduling, and targeted audience engagement was critical for fulfilling youth viewing motivations and strengthening the local animation industry. Key recommendations included: establishing dedicated animation slots and improving marketing within broadcasters; providing funding incentives, clearer regulations, and capacity-building through government agencies; encouraging producers to prioritise strong narratives, gradual technical improvement, and active youth engagement; and enhancing training institution curricula, industry linkages, and short professional courses. Overall, the study provides critical insights into how consumer motivations, institutional practices, and policy frameworks interact to shape the visibility and consumption of local animation in Kenya.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6459 -
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Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) is considered the most troublesome agricultural weed in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world, including the US, Mexico, Northern and Southern states of India and Pakistan by virtue of its infestation in various vegetable and agricultural fields. Foliar phytopathogenic fungi, the fungi that cause foliage diseases in plants, offers a tremendous opportunity to develop as bioherbicides/mycoherbicides. Globally, a total of 13 fungal pathogens belonging to 10 genera of Ascomycota, all except Myrothecium verrucaria, are reported on horse purslane from India. Of these, Gibbago trianthemae, a foliar pathogen that causes leaf spots and stem blight, has been evaluated for its biocontrol potential to control horse purslane non-chemically in the USA, India and Mexico. The studies carried out on Gibbago-Trianthema system has revealed that this pathogen has all the desirable characteristics that makes it a suitable candidate to be developed as a mycoherbicide for horse purslane. The formulation of the fungal pathogen (G. trianthemae) consisting of conidial suspension + surfactant Tween 20 has been named Gibbatrianth. G. trianthemae, belongs to Dothideomycetes, a class under the phylum Ascomycota (formerly classified in Hyphomycetes, Deuteromycota). It is a phaeodictyoconidial fungus, easily cultured on potato dextrose agar and trianthema dextrose agar at 25oC. It produces non-beaked, dark, muriform conidia having both transverse and longitudinal septa, and developing singly through porogenous development. Each conidium germinates producing several germ tubes, and a germ tube in turn produces another conidium at its tip. Germination of conidia in this host-specific pathogen on leaves occurs within 6 to 12 hours post spraying, causing infection through stomata by producing peg like structures called appressoria. This pathogen is a hemibiotroph similar to mycoherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum upon which maximum bioherbicides are available in the market. Gibbatrianth is the first and the only mycoherbicide developed for controlling horse purslane globally. There is a huge scope for commercial exploitation of Gibbatrianth, a nonchemical herbicide, for controlling horse purslane worldwide, including India, for getting organic vegetables, free from the carcinogenic chemicals.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6461 -
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In this article, we describe how Prof. Momchil Dobrev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-Dobreva arrives at the essence of when and how an organism's autoimmune reaction is activated, which is part of the law of the autoimmune reaction, and which causes classic Hodgkins lymphoma. These are things that explain hitherto unexplained processes and phenomena in medicine. This happens after the use of the system created by Prof. Momchil Dobrev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-Dobreva in 2006. Complex 13-level causal network energy-information diagnostic system and Theory of Energy-information Genetics, Energy-information Medicine, Energy-information-Psychology, l THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE developed by Prof. Mariola Gariova and Prof. Lord Momtchil Döbrev - Halachev in the Year 2006, Basics of the Cosmological Theory of Information and Vortex Field Theory developed by Lord Prof. Momtchil Döbrev - basic structure of the universe ". In the article about the described results based on the Theory of Degrees and Levels of Consciousness - 12 Levels of Creation in Man 1991 by Prof. Momchil Dobrev, the study proved that in the PANCREAS there are between 8000-9000 neuron cells which prove that in the PANCREAS THERE IS A BRAIN which contacts the human brain and through the studied holes PROVES THAT THE DISEASE OCCURS AT A PRECISELY DETERMINED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN A HUMAN before materializing.
Pub. Date: February 28, 2026Paper No:6436