This study analyzes the effect of the medieval Persian poet Ḥāfiẓ Shīrāzī (d. 791/1389)—in his poetic language, thought, philosophy, and teachings—on modern Iranians. By exploring Ḥāfiẓ’s verses and applying them to different modes and times through the modern society, I hope to demonstrate the extent of Ḥāfiẓ’s influence on the people of Iran and the nation’s attitude toward the poet. Ḥāfiẓ’s importancein Iranian society cannot be underestimated. Before the formation of the modern system of colleges and universities, Ḥāfiẓ’s Divān was studied as a subject of literary research (Ḥāfiẓ-shināsī), along with Saʿdī’s Gulistān and the Qurʾān(Solati, 2013, introduction).Ḥāfiẓ is viewednot onlyas a poet but also as the incarnation of Iran’s national spirit:“His poetry is so profoundlyentwined into the essence of Iranians that it might be said that to know Persians, one must know Ḥāfiẓ, and likewise, that an in-depth understanding of the Persian character is impossible without understanding Ḥāfiẓ”(Solati, 2013, pp. 21-22). His work is broadly considered to be unequaled; over thepast seven centuries in Persia, no writerhas matched his poetic skill, although many have tried. Myclose readingsuggests reasons for the profound influence of this fourteenth-century classical Persian poet on today’sIranian culture and society.
December 2014
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Journal Area:ABSTRACT:Pub. Date: December 30, 2015Paper No:066
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Introduction: Nearly one million people commit suicide worldwide every year (i.e. one suicide every 40 seconds) compared to approximately 400000 suicides every year, a decade earlier. Suicide is among the ten leading causes of death for all ages in most of the countries (WHO). Deliberate self harm is often associated with Psychiatric disorders influencing morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the demographic profile and other related details like psychiatric co morbidity of attempted suicides. Material and Method: The current study is a cross sectional descriptive, inferential and hospital based study. The sample size was 94. A semi structured format was used to collect the information from both patient and the relatives. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV edition (DSM-IV) was used to categorize patients in to various groups of Psychiatric disorders, results were analyzed using SPSS Version 18. Chi square and Odds Ratio were used. Results: In this study Peak occurrence of suicides was in the age groups of 15-25 (51.06%) followed by 26-35 (29.78%), with Male preponderance of 60.63 %. Our Study finds 60 (63.82%) people having one or the other major psychiatric disorder according to DSM IV criteria. Among them 35 (58.33%) were males and 25(41.66%) were females. Common psychiatric disorders found were Alcohol and substance abuse among males and adjustment disorders and depression in females. Distribution of DSH patients with psychiatric co morbidity in different age groups showed strong skew towards younger age , with majority male patients 20 (57.14%) in the age group < 25 years. Conclusion: All DSH patients should be carefully evaluated for co morbid Psychiatric disorders. There is also an urgent need to sensitize all Emergency duty physicians about DSH with co morbid Psychiatric disorders.
Pub. Date: December 30, 2015Paper No:068 -
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Coronary Artery Disease is one of the most important life threatening ailment in modern world. Single artery block ≥ 70% requires stent implantation for revascularization point of view. One hundred patients of single vessel coronary artery disease (SV-CAD) were underwent full medical treatment for one and half years in place of revascularization. They refused revascularization due to their financial constraint. During the study period, only one patient died due to heart failure at Emergency Room of the same tertiary care centre, two patients were admitted with chest pain and another two admitted with left ventricular failure in the study hospital. But the rest ninety five patients i.e. 95% were in good condition (satisfactory) with the medical treatment and regular check-up. Therefore if economic background does not permit instantly for revascularization treatment, there is no fear for the valuable life. One can go for medical treatment along with regular checkup which can alleviate the mortality and the patient may become symptom free with such a treatment.
Pub. Date: December 30, 2015Paper No:070 -
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Background: Mechanical Neck Dysfunction (MND) affects about two thirds of people in middle age with common cause of bad posture in people who spent much of their working day at a desk with a bent-forward posture. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of kinesio taping versus phonphoresis on neck pain intensity, cervical ROM and neck disability in patients with MND. Design: pre - posttest experimental design Methods: 45 patients with MND participated in this study, their age ranged from 20-45 years. They were assigned randomly and equally into three groups; Control group (A) received exercises program, Group (B) received phonophoresis with exercise program and Group (C) received kinesio taping replaced every 4 days with 2days off with exercise program. All groups received treatment 3 times weekly for 12 sessions. Pain intensity, cervical ROM and neck function disability were measured pre and post treatment by Visual Analogue Scale, OB Goniometer and Neck Disability Index respectively. Results: There was significant improvement in the three groups after intervention in favor of kinesio taping group. Conclusion: It was concluded that improvement in the kinesio taping more than phonophoresis on Pain intensity, cervical ROM and neck function disability in MND.
Pub. Date: December 30, 2015Paper No:072