Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is a protein catabolic procedure. During dialysis the diaphragm as a skeletal muscle is affected by protein breakdown leading to its weakness and limitation of its movement and affecting the oxygenation. Objective: to find out the efficacy of Respiratory Muscle training on arterial blood gases in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted on thirty patients of both genders undergoing hemodialysis, their age ranged from 35-45 years old. The 30 patients received respiratory muscle training. All patients in study attended the training program with 30% of maximum intensity by using incentive spirometer device followed by diaphragmatic and deep breathing exercises with 3 sets, each set had 3-5 repetitions for 3 times a week under therapist supervision and 5 times a day as home program for 12 week;. Blood gases were measured before and after the study. Results: The results of this study showed a significant improvement (increase) inblood oxygenation (PaO2), SO2 by 1.21% and 1.53% respectively and a significant improvement (decrease) in PaCO2, , HCO3 and pHby 2.52%, 0.44% and 0.14% respectively. Conclusion: It is recommended for patients undergoing hemodialysis to perform respiratory muscle training to enhance arterial blood gases.
