Effective communication between healthcare providers and patients is vital for successful diabetes management, particularly in low-resource settings like Cameroon where the prevalence of diabetes is rising. This systematic review explored existing literature on communication practices in diabetes care, focusing on the types of communication used, the quality of provider–patient interactions, and barriers that hinder effective communication. Evidence from both high- and low-income settings consistently shows that strategies such as patient-centered care, shared decision-making, motivational interviewing, and the teach-back method improve treatment adherence, self-management, and glycemic control. However, in Cameroon, these practices are often poorly implemented due to systemic limitations. Language discordance, low health literacy, and cultural beliefs frequently disrupt communication, particularly in rural and underserved communities. Unlike high-income countries where interpreter services and culturally tailored training are more common, Cameroon lacks the infrastructure to consistently support such approaches. Overburdened healthcare systems, high patient loads, and limited time for consultations further reduce opportunities for effective provider–patient engagement. These communication challenges not only contribute to poor treatment adherence and diabetes-related complications but also increase healthcare costs and deepen health inequities. The review highlights an urgent need for context-specific interventions that strengthen provider training, promote culturally appropriate health education, and embed communication strategies within national health policy. Addressing these gaps is essential for improving outcomes and equity in diabetes care. Future research should prioritize exploring communication dynamics from both patient and provider perspectives to guide more effective and sustainable interventions in Cameroon.
