Background: Drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and duodenal and stomach ulcers. They are now the most effective medications that lower gastric hydrochloric acid output and have been in use for almost 30 years. Sometimes, in certain patient populations, prolonged use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) has been associated with decreased serum levels of vitamin B12 (cobalamin). According to reports, proton pump inhibitors can harm the intestines and alter the gut microbiota, which can impact a number of processes, such as malabsorption. Long-term PPI use can have a number of negative effects, but the most frequent ones are vitamin and mineral deficiencies, recurrent infections, cardiovascular problems, and bone fractures. Methods: Previously published articles relating to the topic Proton pump inhibitors and Vitamin B12 deficiency was collected and reviewed. Observations: Since continuous PPI medication raises the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly in the elderly, the link with vitamin deficiencies has drawn more attention. Conflicting findings were found in a number of investigations that attempted to establish a link between vitamin B12 level and PPI. We thoroughly reviewed observational studies that looked at how long-term PPI side effects affect the absorption of vitamin B12 in this systematic review.
