Rajasthan's renewable energy revolution: a path to sustainable growth

Rajasthan has emerged as a leader in India’s renewable energy sector, particularly in solar energy production, due to its vast desert landscapes, high solar irradiance, and supportive government policies. The Rajasthan Renewable Energy Policy (2023) builds upon earlier efforts by setting ambitious targets for renewable capacity expansion, green hydrogen development, and grid integration improvements. This study investigates the socio-economic impacts of the policy in Jodhpur and Bikaner, focusing on employment generation, rural energy access, and overall economic growth. Using a mixed-methods approach—combining structured interviews, surveys, and quantitative data analysis—this research identifies significant improvements in employment opportunities, infrastructure investments, and regional GDP contributions. The findings highlight the policy’s role in fostering sustainable economic growth, improving rural electrification, and reducing carbon emissions. Comparative analysis with global renewable energy policies, including Germany’s Energiewende, Brazil’s PROINFA, and South Africa’s REIPPPP, further contextualizes Rajasthan’s achievements and areas for improvement. The study concludes by providing policy recommendations to enhance socio-economic benefits and ensure long-term sustainability in Rajasthan’s renewable energy transition.