It is widely acknowledged that poor diet quality, or an unhealthy dietary behaviour, is a key risk factor for various chronic diseases in children and adolescents, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Rising concerns over childhood nutrition and behavioural disorders have intensified research into dietary influences on child development. High sugar intake, prevalent in processed foods and sugary beverages, has been hypothesized to exacerbate aggressive tendencies and hyperactivity symptoms among children. Therefore, the present review aims at understanding the relationship between sugar consumption and behavioural outcomes, like aggression and hyperactivity, in children. This review includes the findings from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and experimental research to suggest that there is a correlation between excessive sugar consumption and increased behavioural issues, including irritability, impulsivity, and aggression. Proposed mechanisms include rapid fluctuations in blood glucose levels, insulin response, and the impact of sugar on neurotransmitter regulation, particularly dopamine and serotonin pathways, which influence mood and behaviour. Additionally, sugar-induced inflammation and gut microbiota imbalances have been implicated in behavioural disturbances.These physiological changes may contribute to emotional instability and impulsive behaviour, further complicating the understanding of sugar's impact on child behaviour. Therefore, this review emphasizes the need for more thorough, long-term studies to better understand the complex link between sugar intake and behaviour. Gaining insight into these relationships is essential for public health efforts focused on improving children's mental health and overall quality of life. Reducing high sugar consumption could help decrease aggression and hyperactivity in children.
